最近在搞一个Open API在线测试工具，出现一些问题，因此接触到了URL Encoding相关方面的东西。
首先要了解一下什么是URL Encoding：
URL Encoding is the process of converting string into valid URL format. Valid URL format means that the URL contains only what is termed “alpha digit safe extra escape” characters.
然后了解一下为什么需要URL Encoding：
URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set.
Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format.
URL encoding replaces unsafe ASCII characters with a “%” followed by two hexadecimal digits. URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a + sign.
URL encoding is normally performed to convert data passed via html forms, because such data may contain special character, such as “/”, “.”, “#”, and so on, which could either: a) have special meanings; or b) is not a valid character for an URL; or c) could be altered during transfer. For instance, the “#” character needs to be encoded because it has a special meaning of that of an html anchor. The
character also needs to be encoded because is not allowed on a valid URL format. Also, some characters, such as "~" might not transport properly across the internet.
关键一点是要注意form POST其实也是需要URL encoding的。
如何URL encoding
在JavaScript中有内建的系统函数可以调用：encodeURI(string)。但是需要注意的是这个函数并不会编码’&’符号，因为它在URL中是一个合法字符，作为各个参数的分隔符。另外，它把空格编码为%20，而不是’+’（两者都是合法的）。
但是对于post参数，或者ajax请求，直接使用encodeURI()是不行的，需要调用escape(string)来进行url encoding，需要注意的是这个函数并不编码’/’和’+’符号（正如encodingURI不编码’&’一样），所以需要自己定义一下：
function urlencoding()
{
var inputString=document.forms["TestEncodingForm"]["inputString"].value;
var encodedInputString=escape(inputString);
encodedInputString=encodedInputString.replace("+", "%2B");
encodedInputString=encodedInputString.replace("/", "%2F");
document.forms["TestEncodingForm"]["encodedInputString"].value=encodedInputString;
}
实际上是两个步骤：
- Convert the character string into a sequence of bytes using the UTF-8 encoding
- Convert each byte that is not an ASCII letter or digit to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal value of the byte
对于非Ajax的GET/POST请求，浏览器其实都是会自动做url encoding的：
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<form action="/apitools/apiTools.xhtml" method="get">
First name: <input type="text" name="fname" /><br />
Last name: <input type="text" name="lname" /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
如果在第一个文本框输入hello world，在第二个输入you & me.
会请求如下URL：
http://localhost/apitools/apiTools.xhtml?fname=hello+world&lname=you+%26+me
在这里：空格被编码为”+”，而’&’字符被编码为”%26”。基本上，字符URL编码后的格式就是%XY，其实X和Y都是数字。
POST请求浏览器也会对参数值进行encoding，否则会出现揭断问题。但是如果是ajax请求就不会了，需要自己处理。
在Java中如何正确解码用Javascript:escape()编码的中文字符
直接用URLDecoder.decode解码JS编码过的中文字符是会抛异常的，需要自己解析。
具体参见：http://blog.csdn.net/hbzyaxiu520/article/details/5607873
package me.arganzheng.study.utils;
/**
* JavaScript escape/unescape 编码的 Java 实现 author jackyz keep this copyright info
* while using this method by free
*/
public class EscapeUtil {
private static final String[] hex = { "00", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05",
"06", "07", "08", "09", "0A", "0B", "0C", "0D", "0E", "0F", "10",
"11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "1A", "1B",
"1C", "1D", "1E", "1F", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26",
"27", "28", "29", "2A", "2B", "2C", "2D", "2E", "2F", "30", "31",
"32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "3A", "3B", "3C",
"3D", "3E", "3F", "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47",
"48", "49", "4A", "4B", "4C", "4D", "4E", "4F", "50", "51", "52",
"53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "5A", "5B", "5C", "5D",
"5E", "5F", "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68",
"69", "6A", "6B", "6C", "6D", "6E", "6F", "70", "71", "72", "73",
"74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "7A", "7B", "7C", "7D", "7E",
"7F", "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89",
"8A", "8B", "8C", "8D", "8E", "8F", "90", "91", "92", "93", "94",
"95", "96", "97", "98", "99", "9A", "9B", "9C", "9D", "9E", "9F",
"A0", "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4", "A5", "A6", "A7", "A8", "A9", "AA",
"AB", "AC", "AD", "AE", "AF", "B0", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5",
"B6", "B7", "B8", "B9", "BA", "BB", "BC", "BD", "BE", "BF", "C0",
"C1", "C2", "C3", "C4", "C5", "C6", "C7", "C8", "C9", "CA", "CB",
"CC", "CD", "CE", "CF", "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", "D4", "D5", "D6",
"D7", "D8", "D9", "DA", "DB", "DC", "DD", "DE", "DF", "E0", "E1",
"E2", "E3", "E4", "E5", "E6", "E7", "E8", "E9", "EA", "EB", "EC",
"ED", "EE", "EF", "F0", "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7",
"F8", "F9", "FA", "FB", "FC", "FD", "FE", "FF" };
private static final byte[] val = { 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x01,
0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F,
0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x3F };
public static String escape(String s) {
StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer();
int len = s.length();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
int ch = s.charAt(i);
if (ch == ' ') { // space : map to '+'
sbuf.append('+');
} else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') { // 'A'..'Z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') { // 'a'..'z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') { // '0'..'9' : as it was
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if (ch == '-'
|| ch == '_' // unreserved : as it was
|| ch == '.' || ch == '!' || ch == '~' || ch == '*'
|| ch == '/' || ch == '(' || ch == ')') {
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if (ch <= 0x007F) { // other ASCII : map to %XX
sbuf.append('%');
sbuf.append(hex[ch]);
} else { // unicode : map to %uXXXX
sbuf.append('%');
sbuf.append('u');
sbuf.append(hex[(ch >>> 8)]);
sbuf.append(hex[(0x00FF & ch)]);
}
}
return sbuf.toString();
}
public static String unescape(String s) {
StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer();
int i = 0;
int len = s.length();
while (i < len) {
int ch = s.charAt(i);
if (ch == '+') { // + : map to ' '
sbuf.append(' ');
} else if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') { // 'A'..'Z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') { // 'a'..'z' : as it was
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') { // '0'..'9' : as it was
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if (ch == '-'
|| ch == '_' // unreserved : as it was
|| ch == '.' || ch == '!' || ch == '~' || ch == '*'
|| ch == '/' || ch == '(' || ch == ')') {
sbuf.append((char) ch);
} else if (ch == '%') {
int cint = 0;
if ('u' != s.charAt(i + 1)) { // %XX : map to ascii(XX)
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i + 1)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i + 2)];
i += 2;
} else { // %uXXXX : map to unicode(XXXX)
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i + 2)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i + 3)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i + 4)];
cint = (cint << 4) | val[s.charAt(i + 5)];
i += 5;
}
sbuf.append((char) cint);
}
i++;
}
return sbuf.toString();
}
}
补记：2012-08-23 星期四 晴朗
在线测试工具发布之后，发现了一个bug：当请求form表单中字段包含中文时候，用post方式提交ajax请求，用httpclient3.0.1请求OpenAPI接口会出现乱码。改成httpclient4.0.1就没有问题。非常诡异。怀疑是老版本的一个bug。 expressName=顺丰 理论上来来说应该是编码成 expressName=%25E9%25A1%25BA%25E9%25A3%258E
但是返回的response确实返回如下信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<signShipV2>
<errorCode>83</errorCode>
<errorMessage>83 FILE:appauthoidbnao.cpp LN:932 FUN:CheckSig EN:83 EM:OIDBAccessAuto_0x720 Return Failed!RetCode = 83;ErrorMsg:????HMAC?????? / check sign from oidb faile!
appIdOauth=700045336
randomValue=92534
sourceString=POST&%2Fdeal%2FsignShipV2.xhtml&accessToken%3Df54ecc636ba4095ac7914f47bcd6039e%26appOAuthID%3D700045336%26cooperatorId%3D795019780%26dealId%3D795019780-20120816-8997719%26expressCompanyId%3D003shunfeng%26expressDealId%3D1224-12345-123485%26expressName=%3F%3F%26format%3Dxml%26randomValue%3D92534%26timeStamp%3D1345440378678%26transportType%3D1%26uin%3D795019780
timeStamp=1345440419
</errorMessage>
</signShipV2>
注意到expressName=%3F%3F%26，这就是为什么它老师sign验证失败的原因了。
我原来的使用httpClient发http请求的代码如下：
package me.arganzheng.study.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.Header;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.SimpleHttpConnectionManager;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.URI;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
/**
*
* @author arganzheng
* @date 2012-08-10
*/
public class HttpClientWrapper {
public static final Logger logger = Logger
.getLogger(HttpClientWrapper.class);
private static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING = "utf-8";
// 让connectionmanager管理httpclientconnection时是否关闭连接
// 参见：http://fuyun.org/2009/09/connection-close-in-httpclient/
private static boolean alwaysClose = false;
private final HttpClient client = new HttpClient(
new SimpleHttpConnectionManager(alwaysClose));
public HttpClient getHttpClient() {
return client;
}
/**
* @param url
* 请求的资源ＵＲＬ
* @param header
* request请求时附带的头信息(header) 没有时传null
* @param postData
* POST请求时form表单封装的数据 没有时传null
* @param encoding
* response返回的信息编码格式 传null将采用utf-8编码
* @return response返回的文本数据
*
* @note 不保留http连接，每次请求结束都会关闭链接。
*/
public <K, V> String sendRequest(String url, Map<K, V> header,
Map<K, V> postData, String encoding) {
String responseString = null;
// 头部请求信息
Header[] headers = null;
if (header != null) {
headers = new Header[header.size()];
int i = 0;
for (Entry<K, V> e : header.entrySet()) {
headers[i++] = new Header(e.getKey().toString(), e.getValue()
.toString());
}
}
URI uri = null;
try {
uri = new URI(url.trim(), true);
if (postData == null) { // get方式
GetMethod getRequest = new GetMethod();
getRequest.setURI(uri);
if (headers != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
getRequest.setRequestHeader(headers[i]);
}
}
responseString = this.executeMethodAndReleaseConnection(
getRequest, encoding);
} else {// post方式
PostMethod postRequest = new PostMethod();
postRequest.setURI(uri);
if (headers != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
postRequest.setRequestHeader(headers[i]);
}
}
int dataLength = postData.size();
NameValuePair[] params = new NameValuePair[dataLength];
int i = 0;
for (Entry<K, V> e : postData.entrySet()) {
params[i++] = new NameValuePair(e.getKey().toString(), e
.getValue().toString());
}
postRequest.setRequestBody(params);
responseString = this.executeMethodAndReleaseConnection(
postRequest, encoding);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("sendRequest error!", e);
}
return responseString;
}
private String executeMethodAndReleaseConnection(HttpMethod request,
String encoding) {
String responseString = null;
try {
responseString = this.executeMethod(request, encoding);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
throw e;
} finally {
request.releaseConnection();
}
return responseString;
}
private String executeMethod(HttpMethod request, String encoding) {
String responseContent = null;
InputStream responseStream = null;
BufferedReader rd = null;
try {
this.getHttpClient().executeMethod(request);
if (encoding == null) {
encoding = DEFAULT_ENCODING;
}
responseStream = request.getResponseBodyAsStream();
rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(responseStream,
encoding));
String tempLine = rd.readLine();
StringBuffer tempStr = new StringBuffer();
String crlf = System.getProperty("line.separator");
while (tempLine != null) {
tempStr.append(tempLine);
tempStr.append(crlf);
tempLine = rd.readLine();
}
responseContent = tempStr.toString();
Header locationHeader = request.getResponseHeader("location");
// 返回代码为302,301时，表示页面己经重定向，则重新请求location的url，这在
// 一些登录授权取cookie时很重要
if (locationHeader != null) {
String redirectUrl = locationHeader.getValue();
this.sendRequest(redirectUrl, null, null, null);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (rd != null)
try {
rd.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.error("");
}
if (responseStream != null)
try {
responseStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
}
}
return responseContent;
}
}
POST请求的关键代码展开就是对commons-httpclient3.1的如下几个调用：
PostMethod postRequest = new PostMethod();
postRequest.setURI(uri);
// 设置header..
postRequest.setRequestBody(params);
this.getHttpClient().executeMethod(request);
/// ... 根据encoding抽取结果 ...
但是发现commons-httpclients3.1的executeMethod(PostMethod)并没有对params正确编码，因为它没有地方让你指定encoding，你需要自己先对form表单进行url encoding，就像发送get请求一样。但是笔者发现即使对其用utf-8编码传递，仍然有问题，貌似它会再次按照ISO-8859-1进行编码，这样进过两次编码之后就变成乱码了。
改成httpclient-4.0.1的UrlEncodedFormEntity就没有问题了，它可以让你指定encoding：
package me.arganzheng.study.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
/**
*
* @author arganzheng
* @date 2012-08-10
*/
public class HttpClientWrapper {
public static final Logger logger = Logger
.getLogger(HttpClientWrapper.class);
private static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING = "utf-8";
// 让connectionmanager管理httpclientconnection时是否关闭连接
// 参见：http://fuyun.org/2009/09/connection-close-in-httpclient/
private final HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
public HttpClient getHttpClient() {
return client;
}
/**
* @param url
* 请求的资源ＵＲＬ
* @param header
* request请求时附带的头信息(header) 没有时传null
* @param postData
* POST请求时form表单封装的数据 没有时传null
* @param encoding
* response返回的信息编码格式 传null将采用utf-8编码
* @return response返回的文本数据
*
* @note 不保留http连接，每次请求结束都会关闭链接。
*/
public <K, V> String sendRequest(String url, Map<String, String> header,
Map<K, V> postData, String encoding) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(encoding)) {
encoding = DEFAULT_ENCODING;
}
String responseString = null;
try {
// 头部请求信息
Header[] headers = getHeader(header);
if (postData == null) { // get方式
HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet(url);
getRequest.setHeaders(headers);
HttpResponse response = this.getHttpClient()
.execute(getRequest);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
logger.error("sendRequest error for url: " + url);
return null;
}
responseString = getResponseStringFromResponse(response,
encoding);
} else {// post方式
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
post.setHeaders(headers);
List<NameValuePair> parameters = getPostParametersFromPostData(postData);
HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters,
encoding);
post.setEntity(entity);
HttpResponse response = this.getHttpClient().execute(post);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
logger.error("sendRequest error for url: " + url);
return null;
}
HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
responseString = getResponseStringFromResponse(response,
encoding);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("sendRequest error!", e);
} finally {
// 关闭链接，释放资源
this.getHttpClient().getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
return responseString;
}
private <K, V> List<NameValuePair> getPostParametersFromPostData(
Map<K, V> postData) {
List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
NameValuePair pair;
Set<String> keySet = (Set<String>) postData.keySet();
for (String key : keySet) {
Object obj = postData.get(key);
if (obj instanceof Arrays) {
String arr[] = (String[]) obj;
for (String value : arr) {
pair = new BasicNameValuePair(key, value);
parameters.add(pair);
}
} else if (obj instanceof String) {
pair = new BasicNameValuePair(key, (String) obj);
parameters.add(pair);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("http get not support parameter");
}
}
return parameters;
}
private String getResponseStringFromResponse(HttpResponse response,
String encoding) {
if (response == null) {
return null;
}
String responseString = null;
HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
InputStream responseStream = null;
BufferedReader rd = null;
try {
responseStream = responseEntity.getContent();
rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(responseStream,
encoding));
String tempLine = rd.readLine();
StringBuffer tempStr = new StringBuffer();
String crlf = System.getProperty("line.separator");
while (tempLine != null) {
tempStr.append(tempLine);
tempStr.append(crlf);
tempLine = rd.readLine();
}
responseString = tempStr.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
try {
responseStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
return responseString;
}
private Header[] getHeader(Map<String, String> header) {
Header[] headers = null;
if (header != null) {
headers = new Header[header.size()];
int i = 0;
for (Entry<String, String> e : header.entrySet()) {
headers[i++] = new BasicHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
}
}
return headers;
}
}
可以看到如下代码：
HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters, encoding);
post.setEntity(entity);
深入到源码中可以其实是做了这么一件事情：
public class UrlEncodedFormEntity extends StringEntity {
/**
* Constructs a new {@link UrlEncodedFormEntity} with the list
* of parameters in the specified encoding.
*
* @param parameters list of name/value pairs
* @param encoding encoding the name/value pairs be encoded with
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding isn't supported
*/
public UrlEncodedFormEntity (
final List <? extends NameValuePair> parameters,
final String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
super(URLEncodedUtils.format(parameters, encoding), encoding);
setContentType(URLEncodedUtils.CONTENT_TYPE + HTTP.CHARSET_PARAM +
(encoding != null ? encoding : HTTP.DEFAULT_CONTENT_CHARSET));
}
...
}
它其实是做了这么两件事情：
- 对请求参数进行encoding：
URLEncodedUtils.format(parameters, encoding) - 设置请求编码的header：
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=${encoding}
这样就没有问题了。
