如何在系统启动时完成资源加载

Posted by arganzheng | July 10, 2013

背景

在我们的应用中，经常有这样的场景，就是需要在应用启动的时候就预先加载某些资源，如果加载失败，应用都不需要启动了。这些资源的加载，我们都会把他们封装在一个类的loadResource方法中。关键是这个方法如何在系统初始化的时候被调用。一般有两种方式。

法一：通过Spring触发loadResource方法

如果这个类是通过Spring加载的，那么可以让Spring初始化之后直接调用该类的loadResource方法。因为Spring框架基本都是系统启动的时候就加载的，而且对于ApplicationContext来说，其bean都是pre-loading的Lazy loading vs. pre-loading beans with Spring Framework。

方法有如下四种

1. Spring的@PostConstruct注解

这个注解会导致Spring在初始化完Bean之后，调用该bean的@PostConstruct注解的方法。系统启动时候加载Spring，Spring的ApplicationContext会pre-loading所有的bean，@PostConstruct会在bean loading完成后触发init方法。

@Component
public class MetadataService {

    @Value("${metadata.source}")
    private String                       source         = SOURCE_YIXUN;

    public static final String           SOURCE_YIXUN   = "yixun";
    public static final String           SOURCE_WANGGOU = "wanggou";
    public static final String           SOURCE_PAIPAI  = "paipai";

    private volatile ApiMetadataDTO      apiMetadata    = null;
    private volatile Map<String, ApiDTO> apiMetadataMap = null;

    @PostConstruct
    public void loadMetadata() {
        // 调用IDL得到最新元数据
        if (apiMetadataMap == null) {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (apiMetadataMap == null) {
                    try {
                        ApiMetadataIdlClient apiMetadataIdlCilent = new ApiMetadataIdlClient(StringUtils.EMPTY, TIMEOUT);

                        apiMetadata = apiMetadataIdlCilent.getMetadata(source, true, true);
                        apiMetadataMap = transformToMap(apiMetadata);
                        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(apiMetadataMap)) {
                            logger.warn("apiMetadataMap for source " + source + " is Empty!");
                        } else {
                            logger.info("success loading api metadata to map! source: " + source + ",MapSize: "
                                        + apiMetadataMap.size());
                        }
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        logger.error("getMetadata failed for source: " + source, ex);
                        System.exit(-1); // 获取不到元数据，相当于废物一个，直接应用退出。
                        // throw new RuntimeException("getMetadata failed！", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

By default, Spring will not aware of the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotation. To enable it, you have to either register CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor or specify the <context:annotation-config /> in bean configuration file,

2. Spring Bean的init-method
<bean class="me.arganzheng.study.api.service.MetadataService" init-method="loadMetadata" />

这个跟上面的@PostConstruct方式一样，前提是你的bean是通过xml配置的。

3. Spring的InitializingBean接口
@Component
public class MetadataService implements InitializingBean {

    @Value("${metadata.source}")
    private String                       source         = SOURCE_YIXUN;

    /**
     * 元数据Map。key: methodName
     */
    private volatile ApiMetadataDTO      apiMetadata    = null;
    private volatile Map<String, ApiDTO> apiMetadataMap = null;

    public void loadMetadata() {
        // 调用IDL得到最新元数据
        if (apiMetadataMap == null) {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (apiMetadataMap == null) {
                    try {
                        ApiMetadataIdlClient apiMetadataIdlCilent = new ApiMetadataIdlClient(StringUtils.EMPTY, TIMEOUT);

                        apiMetadata = apiMetadataIdlCilent.getMetadata(source, true, true);
                        apiMetadataMap = transformToMap(apiMetadata);
                        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(apiMetadataMap)) {
                            logger.warn("apiMetadataMap for source " + source + " is Empty!");
                        } else {
                            logger.info("success loading api metadata to map! source: " + source + ",MapSize: "
                                        + apiMetadataMap.size());
                        }
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        logger.error("getMetadata failed for source: " + source, ex);
                        System.exit(-1); // 获取不到元数据，相当于废物一个，直接应用退出。
                        // throw new RuntimeException("getMetadata failed！", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        loadMetadata();
    }
}
4. 通过BeanPostProcessor接口

这个其实就是上面@PostConstruct注解的底层实现机制，Spring通过CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor来实现@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy：

org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor implementation that supports common Java annotations out of the box, in particular the JSR-250 annotations in the javax.annotation package. These common Java annotations are supported in many Java EE 5 technologies (e.g. JSF 1.2), as well as in Java 6’s JAX-WS.

This post-processor includes support for the javax.annotation.PostConstruct and javax.annotation.PreDestroy annotations - as init annotation and destroy annotation, respectively - through inheriting from InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor with pre-configured annotation types.

public class InitMetadataServicePostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {    
        if (bean instanceof MetadataService) {
            System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization with MetadataService!");

            MetadataService metaDataService = (MetadataService) bean;
            metaDataService.loadMetadata();
        }
        return bean;
    }
}

需要在xml中注册一下：

<bean class="me.arganzheng.study.api.tools.common.InitMetadataServicePostProcessor" />

TIPS Spring的注解和AOP基本都是通过实现BeanPostProcessor接口完成的，可以在bean初始化之后做一些事情。

法二：通过servlet来完成资源初始化

如果你的bean不是通过Spring容器加载（一般情况下是通过static块来执行资源加载，但是加载的时间是这个类第一次被引用的时候（即被classloader加载的时候）），那么可以通过servlet来完成资源初始化。因为web容器在启动的时候会加载servlet，可以通过servlet来完成应用启动时的资源加载。（其实法一的Spring框架就是通过servlet/ContextListener完成加载的）。

public class MetadataService {

    private volatile ApiMetadataDTO       apiMetadata    = null;
    private volatile Map<String, ApiDTO>  apiMetadataMap = null;
    private volatile Map<String, Service> idlMetadataMap = null;

    private MetadataService(String source){
        checkUpdate(source);
    }

    private static MetadataService instance = new MetadataService(SOURCE_YIXUN);

    public static MetadataService getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }

    private void checkUpdate(String source) {
        if (apiMetadataMap == null || idlMetadataMap == null) {
            synchronized (this) {
                if (apiMetadataMap == null || idlMetadataMap == null) {
                    try {
                        ApiMetadataIdlClient apiMetadataIdlCilent = new ApiMetadataIdlClient(StringUtils.EMPTY, TIMEOUT);
                        IdlMetadataIdlClient idlMetadataIdlClient = new IdlMetadataIdlClient(StringUtils.EMPTY, TIMEOUT);
                        apiMetadata = apiMetadataIdlCilent.getMetadata(source, true, true);
                        apiMetadataMap = transformToMap(apiMetadata);
                        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(apiMetadataMap)) {
                            logger.warn("apiMetadataMap is Empty!");
                        } else {
                            logger.info("success loading api metadata to map! MapSize: " + apiMetadataMap.size());
                        }
                        GetIdlMetadataResp idlMetadata = idlMetadataIdlClient.getMetadata(source, 0, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                        idlMetadataMap = trasformToMap(idlMetadata);
                        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(idlMetadataMap)) {
                            logger.warn("idlMetadataMap is Empty!");
                        } else {
                            logger.info("success loading idl metadata to map! MapSize: " + idlMetadataMap.size());
                        }
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        logger.error("getMetadata failed for source: " + source, ex);
                        throw new RuntimeException("getMetadata failed！", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

参考文章

  1. Lazy loading vs. pre-loading beans with Spring Framework
  2. Spring @PostConstruct And @PreDestroy Example
  3. Spring Init-Method And Destroy-Method Example
  4. 3.13 BeanPostProcessors & BeanFactoryPostProcessors

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